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CARMAVY, a grange, in the parish of KILLEAD, barony of LOWER MASSAREENE, county of ANTRIM, and province of ULSTER, 6 miles (S. E.) from Antrim; the population is returned with the parish. This grange is situated upon the road from Belfast to Antrim: and comprises, according to the Ordnance survey, 789 1/4 statute acres.

CARMONEY. --See CARNMONEY.

CARN, or CARNDONAGH, a market and post-town, in the parish of DONAGH, barony of ENNISHOWEN, county of DONEGAL, and province of ULSTER, 17 miles (N.) from Londonderry, and 135 1/2 (N. N. W.) from Dublin; containing 618 inhabitants. This place, which is pleasantly situated on an eminence near the head of the bay of Straghbregagh, or Strabeagy, and on the road from Londonderry to Malin, consists of a small square and four good streets, and contains 198 houses, many of which are large and well built; a river runs through it, and another has its course a little to the north. The market is on Monday; and fairs are held on the 21st of Feb., May, Aug., and Nov. Here is a chief constabulary station, with barracks for the police; and it is the head of a coast-guard district, comprising also the stations of Dunree Fort, Dunaff Head, Malin Head, Port Redford, and Green Castle. In the vicinity are many excellent houses, the principal of which are, Tunalague, the residence of R. Cary, Esq., proprietor of the town; the glebe-house, of the Rev. G. Marshall; Fairview, of J. Magill, Esq.; and Bridge House, of M. Rankin, Esq. The parish church, near which is an ancient and curious stone cross, and the R. C. parochial chapel, a large and handsome edifice, erected in 1826, are situated in the town. There are also a meeting-house for Presbyterians in connection with the Synod of Ulster, male and female parochial schools, a large and handsome national school, and a dispensary. --See DONAGH.

CARNAGH, a parish, in the barony of BANTRY, county of WEXFORD, and province of LEINSTER, 3 miles (S. E. by S.) from New Ross; containing 319 inhabitants. This parish is situated on the road from Enniscorthy, by Ballinlaw Ferry, to Waterford; and thence through New Ross to Wexford. It comprises 1842 statute acres, as applotted under the tithe act: the lands are principally under tillage; an exhausted bog has been reclaimed and is now under cultivation, and there is no waste land. The system of agriculture is progressively improving, and the industry and comfort of the farmers and the peasantry are evident from the external appearance of their dwellings. There are some quarries of building stone, which, although of inferior quality, is still used for that purpose in the neighbourhood. Carnagh, the family seat of H. Lambert, Esq., is situated in a pleasant demesne. At Ballinabooley is a constabulary police station. It is a rectory, in the diocese of Ferns, and is part of the union of St. Mary, New Ross: the tithes amount to £80. The church is in ruins. In the R. C. divisions the parish, with the exception of the townland of Ballymacar, is the head of a union or district called Cushinstown, comprising the parishes of Carnagh, Ballyane, Tallerath, and Old Ross; the chapel is at Cushinstown. Two school-rooms, with apartments for a master and mistress, are about to be erected by the Lambert family. Near Ballinabooley is a rath, underneath which was discovered a subterraneous apartment, approached by a passage of upright flag-stones, and capable of receiving from 20 to 25 persons; it is supposed to have been constructed by the Danes, for the concealment of plunder in cases of emergency. The streams in various parts of the parish are of a chalybeate nature, but the water is seldom used medicinally.

CARNALLOWAY, or CARNALWAY, a parish, in the barony of SOUTH NAAS, county of KILDARE, and province of LEINSTER, 4 1/2 miles (S. by W.) from Naas; containing 1291 inhabitants. It is bounded on the south by the river Liffey, which separates it from the parish of Old Kilcullen, and is on the turnpike road from Naas to Dunlavin. During the disturbances of 1798, a battle was fought at Nineteen-mile-House, in this parish, between a party of the insurgents and a detachment of cavalry. The parish comprises 3408 statute acres, as applotted under the tithe act: the lands are chiefly under tillage; the soil is good, and the system of agriculture much improved; there is no waste land, but a large quantity of bog. The living is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Kildare, and in the patronage of the Bishop and of Robert La Touche, Esq.; the former having one, and the latter three turns: the tithes amount to £226. 3. 1. The church, a very neat edifice with a tower and spire, was built by the late John La Touche, Esq., and contains a tablet to the memory of Capt. Cooke, who fell while charging the insurgents at Kilcullen bridge, in 1798. The late Board of First Fruits granted £100, in 1810, towards the erection of a glebe-house, attached to which are 10 acres of glebe. In the R. C. divisions this parish forms part of the union or district of Newbridge. There is a parochial school, built by the late John La Touche, Esq., and supported by R. La Touche, Esq., affording instruction to about 80 children; and a school, in which are about 50 boys and 40 girls, is aided by an annual donation from the R. C. clergyman. There are also a private school, in which are about 10 boys and 10 girls, and a Sunday school. In that part of Kilcullen which is in this parish are a fever hospital and a dispensary.

CARNCASTLE, or CASTLE-CAIRN, a parish, in the barony of UPPER GLENARM, county of ANTRIM, and province of ULSTER, 3 miles (N. W. by N.) from Larne; containing 2167 inhabitants. This parish is situated on the shore of the North channel, which forms its eastern boundary, and upon the road from Larne to Glenarm, and the royal military road from Belfast to the Giant's Causeway; it contains, according to the Ordnance survey, 9725 statute acres, and is in an excellent state of cultivation. The soil is very fertile, producing excellent crops: there are only 15 acre's of bog. Basalt is quarried for building and repairing the roads; limestone is abundant, and coal is known to exist in great quantities. At Ballygally is a coast-guard station, which is one of eight that are included in the district of Carrickfergus. About five miles from the coast are the Hulin or Maiden rocks, two of which are always visible above water. On these lighthouses have been built by the corporation for the improvement of the port of Dublin, which are called the North and South Maiden Rock Lights, and are 1920 feet apart. The northern light is 84 feet above high water level, and the southern, 94 feet; both are fixed and bright lights.

The living is a rectory and perpetual curacy, in the diocese of Connor, of which the rectory was united, by charter of the 7th of Jas. I., to the rectories of Kilwaughter, Ballycor, Rashee, and Derrykeighan, together constituting the corps of the prebend of Carncastle in the cathedral church of St. Saviour, Connor, and in the patronage of the Bishop; the perpetual curacy is in the gift of the rector. The tithes of the parish amount to £174. 4. 6., and the gross value of the tithes and glebe of the union is £751. 5. 4. per annum, of which £55 is paid by the prebendary to the perpetual curate, whose stipend is augmented to £96 per ann. out of Primate Boulter's fund. The church, a small plain edifice with a lofty spire, was built on the site of a former church, by aid of a loan of £350, granted in 1815 by the late Board of First Fruits; and a house was purchased for a glebe-house with a gift of £450, and a loan of £50, from the same Board: the glebe comprises five acres. In the R. C. divisions this parish forms part of the union or district of Larne and Carrickfergus; the chapel is a small building. There are two places of worship for Presbyterians, one connected with the Synod of Ulster, of the third class; the other connected with the Remonstrant Synod, of the second class. Near the church is the parochial school, endowed with £3 per annum by the late Mr. Wilson; a school of 43 boys and 9 girls is in connection with the National Board; and there are a private school of 12 boys and 25 girls, and two Sunday schools. On an insulated rock in the sea are the remains of Ballygally or Cairn castle, from which the parish takes its name. There are also some remains of the ancient manor-house, built in 1625, in the Elizabethan style; and of an old church. In the parish are a curious perforation in a mass of basalt, called the Black Cave, and a very pure vein of feldspar, capable of being worked to advantage.

CARNE, or CARNA, a parish, in the barony of EAST OPHALY, county of KILDARE, and province of LEINSTER, 4 miles (S. E.) from Kildare; containing 550 inhabitants. It is situated on the road from Athy to Newbridge, and is in the diocese of Kildare. The rectory is appropriate to the dean and chapter of Kildare, who possess 178 statute acres of land in the parish; and the vicarage forms the corps of the precentorship of that cathedral, in the patronage of the Bishop, but is at present sequestrated in the Ecclesiastical Commissioners. The tithes amount to £90, of which £81. 9. 6. are payable to the dean and chapter, and £8. 10. 6. to the precentor. There is no church or glebe-house, but a glebe of ten acres. In the R. C. divisions this parish is the head of a union or district called Sancroft, comprising the parishes of Carne, Ballysonan, Killrush, and Ballysax; the chapel at Sancroft is a large building, and there is a national school there in which about 40 boys and 30 girls are educated.

CARNE, a parish, in the barony of FORTH, county of WEXFORD, and province of LEINSTER, 2 1/2 miles (S. E. by S.) from Broadway; containing 828 inhabitants. This place, of which the present name in the Irish language signifies a stone, was anciently called Salanga, afterwards Slieve Domangaird, and in the time of Ptolemy, Hieron, or "the Sacred Promontory." According to Archdall, St. Domangart founded a monastery here at the foot of the mountain, but no traces of it can be discerned: near the spot, however, is a burial-ground with the ruins of a chapel, called St. Vaugh's, the rude architecture of which denotes its remote origin. The parish is situated on the shore of St. George's channel, and terminates in Carnsore Point, the south-eastern extremity of Ireland, in lat. 52° 10' (N.) and lon. 6° 16' 45" (W.); it is bounded on the south and east by the sea, and on the west by the lough of Lady's Island, and comprises 1739 statute acres, as applotted under the tithe act, nearly the whole of which is arable and pasture. With the exception of a small eminence called the hill of Chour, at the south-west point, the surface is flat, and being destitute of timber has a very naked aspect: the soil, though naturally poor, is, from the extensive use of sea-weed and marl as manure, rendered very productive. Little improvement has taken place in the system of agriculture, except the practice of drilling potatoes, which has been lately introduced; the arable lands in many parts are so interspersed with large stones as greatly to obstruct the progress of the plough. Beans, which form one of the principal crops, find a ready market at Wexford for exportation. The farm buildings are neat, and the dwellings of the peasantry have an appearance of cleanliness and comfort. The principal articles of fuel are furze and bean-stalks; some sea coal is brought from Wexford. The road from Carnsore Point to that town divides the parish into two nearly equal parts. Castletown, situated in the centre of the parish, about a quarter of a mile to the west of the main road, was formerly the ancient mansion of the Pallisers. Castle Palliser was erected by the late Capt. Pierce Harvey, and is now in the occupation of Sir Hugh Palliser, Bart. On the beach is Carna House, the seat of J. Howlin, Esq. Some coarse linen and linsey woolsey are manufactured for home consumption; and during the season about twelve boats are employed in the herring and lobster fisheries carried on off the coast, on which are two small but convenient creeks, one at Carne and the other at Nethertown. At Carne bay is a coast-guard station, which is one of the six stations comprehended within the Wexford district, and has a detachment at Tacumshane. The living is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Ferns, and in the patronage of the Bishop: the tithes amount to £280. The church is a plain edifice of great antiquity, without tower or spire, for the repairs of which the Ecclesiastical Commissioners have recently granted £114. The glebe-house, a neat substantial building with suitable out-offices, was erected in the year 1802 by the present incumbent, the Rev. R. Bevan, at an expense of £1039, of which £100 was granted by the late Board of First Fruits: the glebe comprises nine acres. In the R. C. divisions the parish is in the district of Lady's island, attached to which is a school attended by the children of this parish. On the estate of the Waddy family are the remains of the ancient castle of Cloest, built by the earliest English settlers in the reign of Hen. II., and consisting of a tower between 70 and 80 feet high in good preservation.

CARNEARNEY, a hamlet, in the parish of AHOGHILL, barony of LOWER TOOME, county of ANTRIM, and province of ULSTER, on the river Maine; containing 12 houses and 60 inhabitants.

CARNEW, a market and post-town, and a parish, partly in the baronies of SCAREWALSH and GOREY, county of WEXFORD, but chiefly in the barony of SHILLELAGH, county of WICKLOW, and province of LEINSTER, 23 miles (S. W. by S.) from Wicklow, and 47 (S. by W.) from Dublin; containing 6865 inhabitants, of which number, 826 are in the town. During the disturbances of 1798, Col. Walpole, who had been ordered to collect what forces he could and place them under the command of Gen. Loftus, then at Gorey, arrived at this place on the evening of June 2nd, with 500 men, two six-pounders, and a howitzer, which he stationed here as the best point from which to attack the insurgents, who were encamped at Ballymore Hill. On the following day, leaving two companies in the town, he marched with the remainder to Gorey, where, in conjunction with Gen. Loftus, he concerted a plan for attacking the enemy by two different routes on the following day. But unfortunately disregarding the arrangement he had made, and rashly assuming the entire command, he led his men into a defile, where a great number were slaughtered, and he was killed in the first onset. The insurgents, after spending several days in plundering the town and neighbourhood of Gorey, advanced to Carnew, which they destroyed, with the exception of a malt-house, in which the garrison had retired; and after several ineffectual attacks, in which they sustained considerable loss, pursued their march to Kilcavan Hill. Near Ballyellis, also, while a troop of the ancient Britons, under the command of Capt. Erskine, was on its march to attack the insurgents, they blocked up the way with cars, carts, &c, hemmed in the little party on all sides, and killed every one of the troop, who were all buried in the vicinity. The town is situated on the road from Gorey to Tullow and Carlow, and on the side of a mountainous eminence that overlooks a fertile valley. It consists principally of one street, containing 131 houses, and has, during the last three or four years, been greatly improved by Earl Fitzwilliam, who has, besides other buildings, erected two rows of neat houses. The air is salubrious, and there is a good supply of water, but peat is obtained only from a bog at the distance of seven miles. Two snuff and tobacco manufactories, and a small brewery, are carried on. The market is on Thursday, chiefly for potatoes, pigs, and poultry; and horse and cattle fairs, which are frequently attended by English dealers, are held by patent on the first Thursday after the 12th of Feb., May, Aug., and Nov. Four other fairs have been recently established, and are held on the 1st of April, July, and Oct., and Dec. 22nd. Petty sessions are held on alternate Saturdays, in a neat building erected by Earl Fitzwilliam, over which is the constabulary police barrack, this town being the residence of the chief constable of the Tinahely district.

The parish comprises 23,137 statute acres, as applotted under the tithe act, of which 15,084 are in Wicklow, and 8053 in Wexford: about one-fifteenth is waste land, and there are 500 acres of woodland; the remainder is arable and pasture. The soil is in general fertile, and the lands chiefly under tillage; and the system of agriculture has been greatly improved since the institution of the Shillelagh and Casha Farming Society at Coolattin, by the late Earl Fitzwilliam, in 1830. At Kilcavan are quarries of building stone and slate, the latter of which is sent into the counties of Carlow and Wexford. Detached granite is also worked in the parish. Besides Coolattin Park, the property of Earl Fitzwilliam, and residence of his agent, R. Chaloner, Esq., there are in the parish, or its vicinity, Tombreen, the seat of T. Swan, Esq.; Upper Bullingate, of H. Braddell, Esq.; Lower Bullingate, of W. Brad-dell, Esq.; Hillbrooke, of J. Symes, Esq.; Croney Horn, of Dr. De Rinzy; Ballyellis, of R. H. Dowse, Esq.; Umrigar, of R. Blayney, Esq.; Donishall, of R. Bookey, Esq.; Coolboy House, of J. Chamney, Esq.; Barracks, of R. Nickson Sherwood, Esq.; Kilcavan, of R. Taylor, Esq.; Buckstone, formerly occupied as barracks, but now the residence of E. Smith, Esq.; and Carnew Castle, of the Rev. H. Moore, the rector. This castle is popularly said to have been battered and unroofed by the army of Cromwell from a rock above the town, still called Cromwell's rock, on his march from Dublin to Wexford. It was newly roofed and thoroughly repaired, about 20 years since, by the late Earl Fitzwilliam. The living is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Ferns, and in the patronage of the Bishop: the tithes amount to £830. 15. 4 1/2. In 1833, a portion of the parish was detached and erected into the perpetual curacy of Shillelagh, which is in the gift of the rector. The church, which was enlarged in 1813, is a handsome building with an embattled tower crowned with pinnacles and surmounted by a spire, which was added in 1831; and the Rev. C. Cope, who was 33 years rector of this parish, bequeathed £100 for the purchase of a bell. It contains three handsome marble monuments; one in memory of J. Chamney, Esq., Captain of the Coolattin Yeomanry Infantry (who, with his nephew, an officer in that corps, was killed in the insurrection of 1798, in an action at Ballyrahine, in the adjoining parish of Mullinacuff), was erected by the late Earl Fitzwilliam; the second to the memory of W. Wainwright, Esq., J. P., and for above 30 years agent and sole manager of his lordship's estates in the counties of Wicklow, Wexford, and Kildare; and the third in memory of T. Bookey, Esq., of Mount Garnet, in the county of Kilkenny. The body of the church has been condemned by the Ecclesiastical Commissioners, and is about to be rebuilt. There is neither glebe-house nor glebe. In the R. C. divisions that part of the parish which is in Wicklow is included in the union or district of Carnew and Crosspatrick, also called Tomacork, where the chapel is situated; and that part which is in Wexford is in the union or district of Kilrush, and has a chapel at Askeymore. There is a place of worship in the town for Wesleyan Methodists. A parochial library has been established; and there are schools at Montabower, Askeymore, and Carnew, principally supported by Earl Fitzwilliam, in which are educated about 460 Protestant and Roman Catholic children; also a school connected with Tomacork chapel, and two hedge schools. A dispensary is supported in the customary manner; there is an association for employing the poor in spinning and weaving, superintended by the ladies of the town and neighbourhood; and a loan fund was established in 1834. This last institution is conducted by a committee of gentlemen, and has been highly beneficial; the loans have been returned without the loss of a single penny, although, in Dec. 1836, they amounted to about £200 weekly, which is repaid by weekly instalments of one shilling per pound; a fourth part of the profits of this admirable institution (which are considerable) is applied to charitable purposes. On the townland of Umrigar are five raths or moats, in one of which, a few years since, an urn of coarse pottery containing bones and ashes was discovered. Francis Sandford, a celebrated writer on heraldry, was bom here in 1630. --See SHILLELAGH.

CARNEY, a village, in the parish of DRUM CLIFF, barony of LOWER CARBERY, county of SLIGO, and province of Connaught, 5 miles (N. W.) from Sligo; containing 45 houses and 220 inhabitants. It is situated on the bay of Drumcliff, about half a mile to the left of the road from Sligo to Ballyshannon; and has a market on Thursday and fairs on May 26th and June 24th, chiefly for cattle and sheep. A constabulary police force is stationed here; and a dispensary is supported principally by Sir R. G. Booth, Bart. --See DRUMCLIFF.

CARNLOUGH, or CARNALLOCK, a maritime village, in the parish of ARDCLINIS, barony of LOWER GLENARM, county of ANTRIM, and province of ULSTER, 2 3/4 miles (N. by W.) from Glenarm; containing 213 inhabitants. This place, originally a small fishing village, is pleasantly and advantageously situated between the bays of Cushendall and Glenarm, and from the fineness of its strand is much frequented during the summer months for sea-bathing. It consists of 47 houses, and many elegant villas and sea-bathing lodges have been erected in the valley of Glencule, forming an interesting and highly ornamental feature in that secluded vale. The surrounding scenery possesses great natural beauty, and in some parts assumes a character of majestic grandeur. A very extensive deer park, forming part of the demesne of Glenarm castle, and some richly wooded tracts and thriving plantations add greatly to its beauty. The bay of Camlough is small but very commodious; and a quay for shipping, erected at an expense of £1200 by the late P. Gibbons, Esq., will contribute greatly to promote the prosperity of the place. --See ARDCLINIS.

CARNMONEY, a parish, in the barony of LOWER BELFASt, county of ANTRIM, and province of ULSTER, 3 miles (N. by E.) from Belfast; containing 5423 inhabitants. This place was anciently called Coole, and according to tradition there was a town of that name of considerable extent near the present church, on the decay of which the parish took its modern name from an adjoining hill with a large cairn on its summit. It is situated on Carrickfergus bay, and on the road from Belfast to Londonderry; and, according to the Ordnance survey, comprises 8937 1/4 statute acres, of which about 230 are too mountainous to be cultivated, and the remainder is arable or pasture land, excepting about 70 acres of bog. The land is generally in a high state of cultivation, especially near the shore, where several gentlemen, who are practical agriculturists, till their own estates, and their improved methods are almost generally followed by the farmers. Great quantities of limestone are raised in the parish, and are shipped to Scotland and other places. The village of Whitehouse (which see) has considerable manufactures: there are a cotton and flax-spinning manufactory, and extensive works for printing cloths, which are made here exclusively for the Manchester market; and at White Abbey also is a cotton and flax-spinning manufactory. These establishments together employ about 670 persons. The scenery is embellished with several gentlemen's seats, the principal of which are Merville, the residence of J. Rowan, Esq.; Macedon, of J. Cunningham, Esq.; White Abbey, of -- Getty, Esq.; Claremont, of Mrs. Clewlow; Abbey Lands, of H. McCalmont, Esq.; Whitehouse, of -- Shaw, Esq.; and the glebe-house, of the Rev. S. Smythe, the vicar.

The living is a vicarage, in the diocese of Connor, united, it is supposed in 1614, to the vicarage of Ballylinney and the rectory of Ballymartin, together constituting the union of Carmoney, in the patronage of the Marquess of Donegal, in whom the rectory is impropriate. The vicarial tithes amount to £210; and according to the report of the Ecclesiastical Commissioners, the gross value of the union, including tithes and glebe, is £575 per annum. The rectorial tithes were placed under composition in 1835. The church, a modern and spacious edifice in good repair, is built on an eminence near the site of a former church, and is intended for the three parishes of the union. The glebe-house is a handsome building, erected by aid of a gift of £300 and a loan of £500 from the late Board of First Fruits, in 1814: the glebe comprises SO statute acres, valued at £115 per annum. In the R. C. divisions the parish forms part of the union or district of Belfast. There are two meeting-houses for Presbyterians in connection with the Synod of Ulster, of the first and second classes: charitable bequests to the amount of £260 have been left, the interest of which is divided annually among poor Presbyterians. There are also places of worship for Covenanters, or members of the Reformed Synod, and Independents. Near the church is the parochial school, principally supported by the vicar. A very large school-house was built at Whitehouse by the Messrs. Grimshaw, and the school is now in connection with the National Board; one has also been built and is supported by the proprietors of the White Abbey cotton works; the Presbyterians have built and support a school at Ballyduff; and there is also a school at Ballycraigy, built and supported by Francis Turnley, Esq. About 400 children receive education in these schools, and about 200 more in private schools. About a mile north from the church, near the shore, are the picturesque ruins of a large religious house, called White Abbey, from which the townland takes its name, and which was probably the original establishment that was removed to Wood-burn: the principal remains are an elegant chapel, in the later Norman or early English style. On the verge of the parish, near Carrickfergus, are the remains of another religious house, called Monkstown, adjoining which is an ancient cemetery, where, according to tradition, Fergus, King of Scotland, who was shipwrecked in the adjacent bay, was interred.

CARRENTEEL, a parish, in the barony of DUNGANNON, county of TYRONE, and province of ULSTER; containing, with the post-town of Aughnacloy, 7459 inhabitants. This place formed part of the manor of Portclare, a very extensive district granted to Sir Thomas Ridgeway, in 1611, by Jas. I., by whose order a fortress called Lismore Bawn was erected here in 1619, of which there are extensive ruins. During the war in 1641, this parish was visited by the contending parties and the church was destroyed; some vestiges of it may still be traced in the ancient cemetery adjoining the village. The parish is situated on the river Blackwater, and on the mail coach road from Dublin to Londonderry including twelve townlands forming part of the district parish of Ballygawley, it comprises, according to the Ordnance survey, 13,431 3/4 statute acres, of which 13,080 acres are applotted under the tithe act, and 61 are water; the land is chiefly under an excellent system of cultivation, and produces good crops. The northern side of the parish is mountainous, and contains a tract of bog; and there are extensive quarries of limestone and freestone of very good quality. The seats are Storm Hill, that of R. Montgomery Moore, Esq.; the Bawn, of E. Moore, Esq.; Millview, of S. Simpson, Esq.; and the glebe-house, the residence of the Rev. Archdeacon Stopford. The inhabitants, in addition to their agricultural pursuits, employ themselves at home in weaving linen and cotton. Fairs are held in the village on the first Wednesday in every month, chiefly for cattle and horses. By order of council under the provisions of an act of the 7th and 8th of Geo. IV., twelve townlands were separated from this parish, in 1830, to form part of the district parish of Ballygawley. The living is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Armagh, united by charter in 1637 to the rectory and vicarage of Aghaloo, together constituting the union of Carrenteel and corps of the archdeaconry of Armagh, in the patronage of the Lord-Primate. The tithes amount to £406. 3. 1., and of the union to £1015. 7. 8. It is recommended by the Ecclesiastical Commissioners to dissolve this union on the next avoidance, and to make each parish a separate benefice. After the destruction of the church of Carrenteel, in 1641, a church was erected at Aghaloo, but it was taken down after the erection of the present church at Aughnacloy, which was built in 1736, at the sole expense of the late Acheson Moore, Esq., to which, in 1796, his daughter and heiress, Mrs. Malone, added a tower surmounted by a lofty octagonal spire; and to the repairs of which the Ecclesiastical Commissioners have recently granted £190. 18. The glebe-house, about half a mile from the church, was erected in 1790, and £2000 has been expended on its repair and improvement; the glebe comprises 1046 statute acres, valued at £969 per annum. The R. C. parish is coextensive with that of the Established Church, and is called Aughby; there are chapels at Aughnacloy, Caledon, and Killin. There are two meeting-houses for Presbyterians, one in connection with the Synod of Ulster, of the second class, and the other with the Seceding Synod; and places of worship for Wesleyan and Primitive Methodists. The parochial male and female school is wholly supported by Archdeacon Stopford, and there are four other schools; in these about 240 boys and 150 girls are instructed, and there are also a private school of 60 boys and 20 girls, and five Sunday schools. At Garvey are the ruins of an extensive and elegant castle, erected by the late Col. Moore, which, very soon after its completion, was suffered to fall into decay; they are situated near those of Lismore Bawn. In this townland, which is about a mile from Aughnacloy, is a very valuable mineral spring; the water contains sulphur, nitre, magnesia, and steel held in solution with carbonic acid; it has been found efficacious in cutaneous diseases and in dyspeptic complaints; a large room has been erected over the spring, and the water issues from a fountain of marble in the centre. Near it is a good house for the accommodation of persons frequenting the spa. --See AUGHNACLOY.

 

CARRICK, or CARRICKBAGGOt, a parish, in the barony of FERRARD, county of LOUTH, and province of LEINSTER, 2 1/2miles (S. S. E.) from Dunleer; containing 340 inhabitants. This parish, which is situated on the coast road from Drogheda to Dundalk, contains 826 1/4 statute acres, chiefly arable land, and includes part of the demesne of Rokeby Hall. It is a rectory, in the diocese of Armagh, and is part of the union of Rathdrummin: the tithes amount to £57. 8. 6. In the R. C. divisions it forms part of the union or district of Clogher. There are some remains of the old church.

CARRICK, a parish, in the barony of FARTULLAGH, county of WESTMEATH, and province of LEINSTER, 5 1/4 miles (S. by W.) from Mullingar; containing 576 inhabitants. This parish is situated upon Lough Ennel, by which it is bounded on the north and west, and contains 2115 statute acres, principally under tillage, with very little bog: there is a considerable and sudden elevation of the land above the lough. The seats are Carrick, the residence of W. Fetherston H., Esq.; and Robinstown, of W. D'Arcy Irwin, Esq. It is a rectory, in the diocese of Meath, and is part of the union of Moylisker: the tithes amount to £76. In the R. C. divisions, part of the parish is in the union or district of Fartullagh, and the remainder in that of Mullingar. There is a hedge school, in which about 30 children are taught. Numerous raths are scattered over the parish; near Carrick are the remains of an old church, and near Robinstown those of an old castle.

CARRICK, or CARRIG, a parish, in the barony of BARGY, county of WEXFORD, and province of LEINSTER, 6 miles (S. S. W.) from Taghmon; containing 707 inhabitants. This place, which is situated near the southern coast, is also called St. Imock's, and by the country people Shamogues. It is only known as a parish in the civil divisions, having been long since ecclesiastically incorporated with the parish of Bannow, in the diocese of Ferns, and both united to the parish of Kilcavan.

The village of Danescastle, from its proximity to the coast, is much frequented during the summer season for sea-bathing; and a car running through Taghmon to Wexford leaves this place three mornings in the week and returns in the afternoon. The parish comprises 2997 statute acres, as assessed to the county rate; the land is chiefly under tillage; and the system of agriculture has been greatly improved within the last few years. Limestone brought from Slade up the bay of Bannow is the principal manure. At Barrystown are vestiges of ancient lead mines, the ore of which is said to have contained a very large proportion of silver, whence probably they have been traditionally called silver mines. In the R. C. divisions this place forms part of the union or district of Ballymitty; the chapel, a neat edifice, is at Danescastle; and in the chapel-yard is a comfortable residence for the R. C. clergyman, adjoining which is a national school. At a short distance from the village of Danescastle is a lofty square tower, the erection of which is attributed to the earliest of the Norman settlers; it has much of the gloomy character of that period.

CARRICK-A-REDE. --See BALLINTOY.

CARRICK-BEG, a suburb to the town of Carrick-on-Suir (formerly an incorporated town), in the parish of KILMOLERAN, barony of UPPERTHIRD, county of WATERFORD, and province of MUNSTER; containing 2704 inhabitants. This place, of which the name signifies Little Carrick, was formerly called Carrick-mac-Griffin; it is situated on the south side of the river Suir, over which is an ancient stone bridge connecting it with Carrick-on-Suir. From a grant of restoration of murage and pontage to the provost and commonalty of the Town of Carrick-mac-Griffin, made in the 18th of Edw. III., dated 12th July 1344, it would appear to have been a borough. A friary for Conventual Franciscans, dedicated to St. Michael, was founded here in the year 1336, by James Butler, Earl of Ormonde, to whose great grandfather, Theobald, the lands of Carrick-mac-Griffin had been granted. The first warden was John Clyn, a Franciscan friar of Kilkenny; he wrote short annals from the birth of Christ to the year 1315, and from that year continued them more copiously and carefully to the year 1349, when he died of, the plague. This establishment flourished till the dissolution, when it was granted with all its possessions to the Earl of Ormonde. Of the ancient buildings, the tower of the church is almost the only remaining portion; it is square and nearly perfect, projecting considerably beyond the foundation on which it rests, and is based on a single stone, from which it rises in the form of a truncated pyramid inverted; a fine flight of spiral steps in the wall leads to the summit. The monastery, which was a large and very irregular structure, has been taken down; and a modern chapel, now the parish chapel, has been erected on the site; the principal entrance is under an arch of very elegant design, which had been preserved from the ruins of the ancient building. A Franciscan friary was erected near the site of the former in 1822, by the Rev. Michael Fleming, now R. C. Bishop of Newfoundland: the friary chapel is in the later English style, faced with hewn stone; the principal entrance is of handsome design; above it is a well-sculptured figure of a saint, and at the opposite extremity, a tower erected in imitation of that of the old abbey; the ceilings of both chapels are richly and delicately groined. The woollen manufacture was formerly carried on here very extensively, affording employment to a great number of the population; but within the last 30 years it has gradually been falling to decay. Fairs are held on Jan. 26th, Feb. 26th, March 25th, April 28th, June 15th, July 15th, Sept. 27th, Nov. 7th, and Dec. 5th. A constabulary police force is stationed here.

CARRICKBOY, a hamlet, in the parish of KILGLASS, barony of ABBEYSHRUEL, county of LONGFORD, and province of LEINSTER, 5 miles (S.) from Edgeworthstown: the population is returned with the parish. This place is situated on the road from Edgeworthstown to Ballymahon; it contains Richmont, the seat of J. Huggins, Esq., M. D., and is a constabulary police station.

 

CARRICK-McQUIGLEY, a village, in the parish of UPPER MOVILLE, barony of ENNISHOWEN, county of DONEGAL, and province of ULSTER, 2 1/2 miles (S.) from Moville: the population is returned with the parish. It is situated near Lough Foyle, on the road from Derry to Moville. A grant of a market and four fairs was made to the inhabitants in the reign of Chas. I.; the market has long been discontinued, and the fairs are very indifferently attended. Near the village are several handsome gentlemen's seats, which are noticed more particularly in the article on Upper Moville.

 

CARRICKMINES, a village, in the parish of TULLY, half-barony of RATHDOWN, county of DUBLIN, and province of LEINSTER, 7 miles (S. S. E.) from Dublin. Fairs are held on Jan. 12th, April 14th, June 24th, and Oct. 14th; and here are the remains of an old castle.

CARRICK-on-SHANNON, a market and post-town, (formerly a parliamentary borough), partly in the parish of KILLUKEN, barony of BOYLE, county of ROSCOMMON, but chiefly in the parish of KILTOGHARt, barony and county of LEITRIM, and in the province of Connaught, 27 miles (S. E. by S.) from Sligo, and 77 (W. N. W) from Dublin; containing 1870 inhabitants. This town is situated on the mail coach road from Dublin to Sligo, and on the north-eastern bank of the Shannon, over which is a bridge to a small suburb in the county of Roscommon, the tolls of which were granted, in 1684, to Sir George St. George, on condition of his keeping it in repair: the present structure, consisting of eleven arches, was built in 1718. It contains 321 houses, and is badly paved and not lighted. A small trade is carried on in coarse linen, druggets, frieze, and coarse flannel; and it is the chief market for grain and provisions in Leitrim, but is principally supplied from Roscommon. Great quantities of butter are sent to the Dublin and Newry markets, and a considerable quantity of yarn is sold. The market is on Thursday; and fairs are held on Jan. 18th, March 20th, May 12th, June 6th, Aug. 11th, Sept. 14th, Oct. 22nd, Nov. 21st, and Dec. 16th, and are the principal fairs in Leitrim for cattle. An enclosed market-place, with considerable accommodation, was erected by Mr. St. George, who is the owner in fee of the site of the town, but it is not much frequented. Great facilities for trade are afforded by the Shannon, which has lately been rendered navigable up to Lough Allen, by which this town is placed on one of the most important lines of communication in the island. A constabulary police force has been stationed here; and there are infantry barracks, which are unoccupied, although this is the only military station in the county.

This place was incorporated by Jas. I., in 1613, under the title of "The Provost, Free Burgesses, and Commonalty of the Borough of Carrigdrumruske; " and the corporation was composed of a provost, 12 free burgesses, and an indefinite number of freemen. The provost was elected on the 24th of June by the provost and burgesses, and was sworn in on the 29th of September. The free burgesses were elected by the provost and burgesses; no freemen have existed for a very long period, and the only officer appointed by the corporation was the weighmaster, who receives a compensation under the butter act, 10th of Geo. IV., c. 41. The borough sent two members to the Irish parliament, elected under the charter by the provost and free burgesses. On the abolition of its franchise, at the time of the Union, the £15,000 awarded as compensation was given to the Earl of Leitrim. No provost has been elected since 1826, and the corporation is virtually extinct. Under the charter a court of record was established, but it has not been held for many years; and there is no manor court within the borough, but a petty session is held every alternate Monday. This town being the capital of the county of Leitrim, the assizes are held here, as also the quarter sessions for the southern division of the county in January and July. The county court-house, bridewell, and gaol are situated in the town; the gaol is built in a polygonal form, having 10 wards with separate sleeping-cells for each prisoner, and a good tread-mill: the prisoners are taught reading and writing by the master and matron. The parish church of Kiltoghart, which, prior to 1698, was at a distance, was removed in that year by act of parliament into the town, and was erected on a plot of ground given by Sir George St. George, Bart.: it was rebuilt in 1829, by a loan of £2000 from the late Board of First Fruits, and is a handsome structure with a spire and a clock, which was given by C. Manners St. George, Esq.: this gentleman also presented, in 1837, a fine painting of the Nativity, by Plagemann. The R. C. chapel occupies a site given, with a plot of ground in the rear, in 1807, by Mr. St. George, who expended a considerable sum in finishing the interior, and built a gallery at his own expense. There are also places of worship for Wesleyan and Primitive Methodists, and parochial schools. The county infirmary situated here is a good building, erected in 1800: attached to it is a dispensary. The number of infirmary patients is about 300, and of dispensary patients about 4000, annually. A loan fund has also been established, with a capital amounting to £2000. --See KILLUKEN and KILTOGHART.

 

CARRIG, or CARRIGLEAMLEARY, a parish, in the barony of FERMOY, county of CORK, and province of MUNSTER, 2 1/4 miles (N. E.) from Mallow; containing 1133 inhabitants. This parish is situated on the north bank of the river Blackwater, and on the north road from Mallow to Fermoy; it comprises 3238 statute acres, as applotted under the tithe act, and valued at £3462 per annum. The land is good and mostly under an improved system of tillage, with the exception of Mount Nagle, which affords good pasturage; there is no bog. Limestone abounds, and is quarried for agricultural and other uses. Carrig Park, the seat of W. H. Franks, Esq., is beautifully situated on the banks of the Blackwater, which are here richly wooded: the ruins of Carrig castle, on the summit of a rock overhanging the river, form an interesting and picturesque object as seen from the opposite bank; and the whole demesne, in which are the vestiges of an ancient burial-ground, abounds with richly varied scenery. This parish was formerly united to that of Rahan, and on its separation about 30 years since, part of it was added to Rahan, to make the divisions more equal. The living is a vicarage, in the diocese of Cloyne, and in the patronage of the Bishop; the rectory is appropriate to the vicars choral of the cathedral of Christ Church, Dublin. The tithes amount to £270, and are equally divided between the vicars choral and the vicar. A neat small church, in the later English style, but without a tower, is now in progress of erection on the site of the old parish church, part of the walls of which will be incorporated in the new building; the estimated expense is £222. 10., towards defraying which the Ecclesiastical Commissioners have granted £192. 10. 8. Divine service is in the mean time performed in a private house. There is neither glebe-house nor glebe. In the R. C. divisions this parish forms part of the union or district of Killavullane or Kealavullen, at which place, and also at Annakissy, is a chapel. There are two private schools, in which about 50 children are educated.

CARRIGAHOLt, a small port and village, in the parish and barony of MOYARTA, county of CLARE, and province of MUNSTER, 11 3/4 miles (W.) from Kilrush: the population is returned with the parish. It is situated on the harbour and road-stead of the same name, within the estuary of the river Shannon. The castle, now in ruins, was formerly the fortified residence of the Mac Mahons, the chiefs of that part of this country which forms the peninsula called the "Western Corkavaskin," still denominated "the west." The last siege to which it was exposed was in 1649, when it was taken by Gen. Ludlow, and Teigue Keigh was the last of the Mac Mahons to whom it belonged. On his attainder it passed by grant from Queen Elizabeth to Henry O'Brien, brother to the Earl of Thomond, whose unfortunate grandson, Lord Clare, resided in it when he raised a regiment of horse, called the "Yellow Dragoons," which in 1689 was the flower of King James's army. The town now belongs to Lady Burton, whose ancestor was an officer in the army of King William. The ruins of the castle occupy a bold situation on the verge of a cliff overhanging the sea, enclosed by a court-yard and high walls on one side, and by rocks and the bay on the other. A small quay or pier was constructed partly by the late Fishery Board and partly by grand jury presentments: it is of considerable service to agriculture and the fisheries, and is frequented by six hookers, of seven tons each, and upwards of 500 corrachs, which give employment to about 400 persons, particularly in the herring fishery, which commences in July. This is the principal place in the neighbourhood for the shipment of agricultural produce; 900 tons of grain, 700 firkins of butter, and 3000 pigs, having lately been shipped here in one year, by three individuals: it also exports hides to Limerick. The bay of Carrigaholt lies opposite that part of the Kerry shore, within the mouth of the Shannon, which is called the Bale bar. It has good and secure anchorage with the wind to the northward of west, but being entirely exposed to the ocean swell, the sea, which sets in with southerly or westerly winds, renders it unsafe to lie there. The inner harbour, however, is better protected from those winds, but is shallow, having no more than 2 1/2 or 3 fathoms of water within the line from Carrigaholt Castle to the opposite side of the bay. Capt. Manby, who was employed by the Irish Government to survey the Shannon, recommended that a small pier should be extended from the spot called Lord Clare's pier, (which was formed in 1608 but has gone to decay,) at nearly a right angle to the shore, sufficiently to afford shelter to the one that already exists, and that this should be carried out farther, so as to permit boats to sail from it till almost low water. The roads in the immediate vicinity of the village are in bad condition, and must be repaired before the port can be easily accessible by land. The valley on the north side of Kilkadrane Hill having been often mistaken by night for the proper channel for entering the Shannon, a light has been placed on the top of the hill, red to seaward, and a fixed bright light as seen descending the river. In the village is a public dispensary, and near it is the R. C. chapel.--See MOYARTA.

 

CARRIGALLEN, or CLINCORICK, a parish, in the barony of CARRIGALLEN, county of LEITRIM, and province of Connaught, 5 miles (S. W. by W.) from Killesandra, on the road to Drumsna; containing 7809 inhabitants, of which number, 492 are in the village. The parish contains 15,000 statute acres, including a great quantity of bog: the cultivation is principally by spade labour; limestone of the best kind is quarried at Newtown-Gore. The village comprises about 100 houses: it has a market for grain and provisions on Monday; and fairs are held on April 4th, May 7th, Aug. 9th, Oct. 8th, and the last Friday in Dec. Fairs are also held at Longfield on May 17th, Oct. 10th, and Dec. 29th. There is a penny post to Killesandra and Ballinamore; and a constabulary police force has been stationed here. Petty sessions are held every alternate Saturday, but the manor court has been discontinued since the institution of the assistant barrister's court. . The principal seats are Killigar, the residence of John Godley, Esq., situated in a richly wooded demesne, embellished with three fine sheets of water; Drumsilla, of Acheson O'Brien, Esq.; and Cloncorrick Castle, the property of Pierce Simpson, Esq., by purchase from Major W. Irwin. This castle was built by the O'Rourkes, and here resided John O'Rourke, son of Thady, the last of the family who lived in any degree of splendour, until, in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, at a Court of Claims held at Carrigallen, he was deprived of his estate and declared illegitimate, on the evidence of Abbot Macaward. The castle has received such additions and alterations as scarcely to leave a feature of its original character. Woodford House, which is half a mile north of Newtown-Gore, is built on the ruins of another of the O'Rourkes' castles: the estate was formerly well wooded, and remarkable for its oaks, and there are still two fine walled gardens of considerable extent. It was a place of great splendour, and belonged to the ancestors of W. Ormsby Gore, Esq., of Porkington, Shropshire.

The living is a vicarage, in the diocese of Kilmore, and in the patronage of the Bishop, to whom the rectory is appropriate: the tithes amount to £450, of which £151. 1. 6. is payable to the bishop, and £298. 18. 6. to the incumbent.. The church, a good building with a square tower, and in excellent repair, was erected in 1814, by aid of a loan of £1500 from the late Board of First Fruits. The glebe-house was built by a gift of £100, and a loan of £1350, from the same Board, in 1819: the glebe comprises 590 acres. There is also a church at Killigar, with a small parsonage-house adjoining, built and endowed by John Godley, Esq., at an expense of £1100. The R. C. parish is co-extensive with that of the Established Church, and contains two chapels, one at Mullinadaragh, and the other, called the Lower Chapel, at Aughal: there is also a place of worship for Wesleyan Methodists at Newtown-Gore. At Drumshangour are two schools, aided by annual donations from Mr. and Mrs. Godley, who at their own expense support two at Killigar: there are also schools at Carrigallen, Newtown-Gore, Corglass, Corneagh, and Kievy. In these schools are educated 480 boys and 400 girls; and there are also three private schools, in which are about 100 boys and 60 girls, and two Sunday schools, one of which is supported by Mr. Godley.

CARRIGANS.--See KILLEA, county of DONEGAL.

CARRIGDOWNANE, or CARRIGDOWNIG, a parish, in the barony of FERMOY, county of CORK, and province of MUNSTER, 5 miles (S. W.) from Mitchelstown; containing 219 inhabitants. This small parish, which is situated on the river Funcheon, and on the road from Kildorrery to Fermoy, comprises 785 statute acres, as assessed to the county rate, and valued at £687 per annum. The land is in general of good quality and chiefly under tillage, but the system of agriculture is in a backward state. Limestone is plentiful, and is quarried for burning into lime, which is the principal manure. Stannard's Grove, the property of the Cotter family, is at present uninhabited. The living is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Cloyne, and in the patronage of the Bishop: the tithes amount to £90. The church is in ruins; and the Protestant parishioners attend the church of Nathlash, a mile distant. There is no glebe-house; the glebe comprises 10 Irish acres. In the R. C. divisions this parish forms part of the union or district of Kildorrery. There are some remains of the ancient parish church.

CARRIGG, a parish, in the barony of SHELMALIER, county of WEXFORD, and province of LEINSTER, 2 miles (W.) from Wexford; containing 1054 inhabitants. This place is situated on the road to New Ross, and on the river Slaney, at its influx into the haven at Wexford. In the townland of Ferry-Carrigg, and near the bridge over the Slaney, Robert Fitz-Stephen, in 1171, built a strong castle, in which he was soon afterwards besieged by the Irish under Donald of Limerick, natural son of Dermod Mac Murrough, the last King of Leinster. Donald, finding himself unable to reduce it by force, had recourse to stratagem, and by a feigned account that Strongbow and his friends in Dublin had been put to the sword by the victorious army, who were on their march to this place, prevailed upon Fitz-Stephen, by the promise of a safe passport into Wales, to surrender himself and the garrison into his hands. Many of the men were instantly put to death; and Fitz-Stephen and the remainder were conveyed in chains to a small island called Beg Erin, in the north part of Wexford haven, where they were confined till the landing of Hen. II. at Waterford, when, being removed to that town, they were placed in Ragnal's or Reginald's tower, from which they were soon afterwards liberated by the English monarch.

The parish is bounded on the north by the river Slaney, over which is a handsome bridge of American oak, built by the architect of the old Wexford bridge, under an act passed in 1794, which empowered subscribers to raise £7000 for that purpose, who, on payment of one-fifth of that sum, were to be constituted a corporate body, under the designation of the "Commissioners of Carrigg Bridge," and to have a common seal. The northern part is intersected by the mail coach road from Wexford to Dublin, and the road from Wexford to New Ross also passes through it. It comprises 2538 statute acres, as applotted under the tithe act, of which the greater portion is in pasture and the remainder under tillage; the system of agriculture is progressively improving. Here are some quarries of good building stone, from which the works now in progress at St. Peter's College, Wexford, are supplied. The scenery is pleasingly varied, including the richly wooded banks of the Slaney and the Forth mountains, by which the parish is bounded on the west. Belmont, the residence of Charles Arthur Walker, Esq., is finely situated on a commanding eminence above the Slaney, and embraces some beautiful views of that river above Wexford bridge, and especially of that side of it which is ornamented by the elegant mansions and richly wooded demesnes of Saunders Court, Artramont, and other gentlemen's seats. The other seats are Barntown House, the newly erected residence of Major Perceval; Cullentra, of G. Little, Esq.; Park House, of Capt. J. W. Harvey; Janeville, of D. Jones, Esq.; and Bettyville, of Mrs. Redmond: there are also several other villas. The Slaney affords every facility of water conveyance for the supply of the neighbourhood.

This is one of the 16 parishes that constitute the union of St. Patrick's, Wexford. The living is an impropriate curacy, in the diocese of Ferns, and in the patronage of the Bishop; the rectory is impropriate in the Earl of Portsmouth. The tithes amount to £185. 1. 5., of which £62. 3. 5 1/2. is payable to the impropriator, and £122. 17. 11 1/2. to the curate. There are some remains of the old parish church below Belmont; and in the churchyard, under an altar-tomb, are deposited the remains of Lieut.-Col. Jones Watson, who fell on the 30th of May, 1798, while leading the yeomanry of this county to attack the insurgents, who had encamped at the Three Rocks on the mountain of Forth. In the R. C. divisions this parish forms part of the union or district of Glynn; the chapel is at Barntown, and adjoining it is the national school, in which about 150 children of both sexes are gratuitously instructed, under the superintendence of the R. C. clergyman. The remains of the castle of Ferry-Carrigg, in the parish of Tickillen, are romantically situated on a pinnacle of rock commanding the pass of the river, and consist principally of a lofty square tower. On the opposite side of the river, and in the parish of Carrigg, was a castle called Shan-a-Court, or John's Court, supposed to have been built in the reign of John, and in which that monarch is said to have held a court. The remains consist only of the trenches; many of the stones were used in building the more ancient part of Belmont house. In this parish is also Barntown Castle, which appears to have been built about the same time as that of Ferry-Carrigg, and by some writers is attributed to the same founder; it consists of a lofty square tower still nearly entire; Barntown formed a portion of the lands granted by Cromwell to Col. Le Hunt, whose descendants still reside at Artramont, in the neighbourhood.

CARRIGLEAMLEARY.--See CARRIG, county of CORK.

CARRIGNAVAR, a village, in the parish of DUNBOLLOGE, barony of BARRYMORE, county of CORK, and province of MUNSTER, 5 miles (N.) from Cork; containing 282 inhabitants. It is situated on the road from Cork to Mallow, in a fine fertile country, and has lately been much improved by its proprietors, Lord Midleton and J. McCarthy, Esq. The castle, of which little more than a square tower remains, is said to have been the last fortress in Munster which came into Cromwell's possession. It stood on the banks of the river Glanmire, and was built by Daniel, second son of Lord Muskerry, who died in 1616, and was one. of the dependencies of the manor of Blarney. The village contains a neat R. C. chapel and a school.--See DUNBOLLOGE.

CARRIGPARSON, or WILLESTOWN, a parish, partly in the barony of CLANWILLIAM, county of LIMERICK, but chiefly in the county of the city of LIMERICK, and province of MUNSTER, 4 1/2 miles (S.E.) from Limerick; containing 487 inhabitants. This parish is situated on the road from Limerick to Cashel, and contains 828 statute acres, about one-half of which is in tillage, producing good crops of wheat, oats, and potatoes, and the other is mostly meadow. Basalt and limestone are found here, the former mostly in a state of decomposition; and between the north-western extremity of the parish and Cahirnarry is an extensive and valuable bog. The living is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Emly, and is part of the union of Cahirconlish: the tithes amount to £95. 15. 4 1/2. There is neither church nor glebe-house, but a glebe of five acres near the remains of the old church. In the R. C. divisions this parish forms part of the district or union of Ballybricken; the chapel is at Bohermora. There is a private school of 30 boys and 10 girls.

CARRIGROHANBEG, or KILGROHANBEG, a parish, in the barony of BARRETTS, county of CORK, and province of MUNSTER, 3 miles (W.) from Cork; containing 659 inhabitants. This parish, which is situated in a very fertile district adjoining the western boundary of the county of the city of Cork, is bounded on the south by the river Lee, and on the east by the Awenbeg, or Shawnagh, a small river which flows from Blarney and falls into the Lee opposite to the beautiful ruins of Carrigrohane castle. It contains 1513 statute acres, as applotted under the tithe act, and valued at £1936 per annum: the surface is pleasingly diversified, and the soil, resting on a substratum of clay-slate, is extremely fertile. The land is chiefly in pasture, and the farmers attend almost exclusively to the dairy, for supplying the city of Cork with milk and butter. The vale of Awenbeg is beautifully romantic, and on the banks of that river were formerly some mills for manufacturing paper and some iron forges; the vale of the Lee is exceedingly fertile, and the meadows are occasionally irrigated by the overflowing of the river. The gentlemen's seats are Woodside, the residence of the Rev. E. M. Carleton, commanding a fine view down the vale, with an excellent farm adjoining it belonging to the proprietor of the estate, who has done much towards improving the agriculture of the surrounding district; Rock Lodge, of R. Carleton, Esq.; Beechmount, of the Rev. R. Cahill; and Temple Hill, of Russell Fitton, Esq. The living is a rectory, in the diocese of Cloyne, and in the patronage of the Bishop: the tithes amount to £156. 11. 7. There is no church, but divine service is regularly performed by the rector in his own house; the ruins of the old parish church, covered with ivy, and presenting a very picturesque appearance, are situated between the high road and the river Lee, near its junction with the Awenbeg. There is neither glebe-house nor glebe. In the R. C. divisions this parish forms part of the union or district of Inniscarra. The male and female parochial schools are supported by the rector, in connection with the Cloyne Diocesan Association.

CARRIGROHANE, or KILGROHANMORE, a parish, partly in the county of the city of CORK, but chiefly in the barony of BARRETTS, county of CORK, and province of MUNSTER, 4 miles (W. by S.) from Cork; containing 1921 inhabitants. This parish is situated on the south bank of the river Lee, over which is a stone bridge connecting it with the parish of Inniscarra, and on the new line of road through Magourney to Macroom. The whole comprises 2578 acres, as applotted under the tithe act, and valued at £4655 per annum; and that part of it which is included within the barony of Barretts contains 1556 acres, valued at £2136, according to the county estimate. The land is of excellent quality, and the farms, being in the occupation of persons of capital, are in an excellent state of cultivation. From the low price of grain, the produce of the dairy and the grazing of cattle have been found more profitable than growing corn; the lands are therefore being converted into dairy farms. The parish forms part of the limestone district that extends from near the source of the river Bride, along its southern bank, across the vale to the west of the city of Cork, and passing through its southern suburbs, terminates at Blackrock. The quarrying of limestone and manufacture of gunpowder at Ballincollig encourage that industry among the people of which the fruits are seen in their comfortable appearance and the improved state of their habitations. On the river Lee are some extensive mills, capable of manufacturing from 350 to 400 sacks of flour weekly. About a mile and a half from the church are several very handsome houses, occupied by the officers connected with the garrison of Ballincollig.

The living is a rectory, in the diocese of Cork, united from time immemorial to the rectories of Curricuppane and Corbally, and to one-fourth of the rectory of Kinneagh, which four parishes constitute the corps of the precentorship of the cathedral of St. Finbarr, Cork: the tithes of the parish amount to £330, and of the whole union to £943. The church is a small plain edifice, situated near the river Lee, to the repairs of which the Ecclesiastical Commissioners have recently made a grant of £143. There is no glebe-house in the union, but a glebe of 22 acres and 38 perches. In the R. C. divisions this parish, together with the parishes of Kilnaglory and Inniskenny, and a small part of that of Ballinaboy, form the union or district of Ballincollig, where there is a chapel. There are male and female parochial schools supported by subscriptions; a national school at Ballincollig, in which are about 100 boys and 70 girls; a public and two private schools, one of which is for infants, in which are about 60 boys and 40 girls; and a Sunday school supported by the rector. Behind the church are considerable remains of the ancient castle, and the fine ruins of a more modern house, of great strength, of which nearly the whole of the outer walls are remaining. The turrets, pierced with loopholes, which project from the upper story of the latter building, indicate that it was built about the reign of Queen Elizabeth, but the castle is evidently much older and both were ruined in the war of 1641. At Ballincollig are the ruins of an extensive castle, situated on an isolated rock which rises in the midst of a fertile plain. This castle was built by the Barrett family, in the reign of Edw. III. William Barrett joined in the insurrection of the Earl of Desmond against Elizabeth, but was pardoned by Her Majesty and received into favour. In the war of 1641 it was in the possession of the insurgents, who were dispossessed by Cromwell in 1645: it was garrisoned for Jas. II. in 1689, but after his flight fell into decay, and is now a stately ruin, with a very strong and lofty square tower still nearly perfect.

CARRIGTOHILL, a parish, in the barony of BARRYMORE, county of CORK, and province of MUNSTER, 3 miles (W.) from Midleton; containing 3666 inhabitants. This parish is situated on the road from Cork to Waterford, and comprises 10,025 statute acres, as applotted under the tithe act, and valued at £8270 per annum: about 800 acres are woodland and nearly 500 waste; and of the remainder, 6600 are arable and 2600 pasture. The soil is in some places very light, and in others deep and rich, producing excellent crops: the system of agriculture has been extensively improved by the example and encouragement of the late Mr. Smith Barry and other resident proprietors. Great quantities of limestone are quarried and burnt into lime for manure. The scenery in almost every part is exceedingly interesting, particularly near Foaty, around which the rich woods and thriving plantations are beautifully diversified with water. Several extensive plantations have been made in other parts of the parish, which in a few years will add greatly to the appearance of the country. The principal gentlemen's seats are Foaty, the elegant residence of the late J. Smith Barry, Esq.; Ann Grove, of F. Wise, Esq.; Tulligreen, of Hughes Martin, Esq.; Spring Hill, of W. J. Wakeham, Esq.; Rockville, of T. Barry, Esq.; Green View, of R. Barry, Esq.; Barry's Lodge, of D. Barry, Esq.; Union Lodge, of the Rev. W. Gifford; Water Rock, of W. Wakeham, Esq.; and Johnstown, of Mrs. Palmer. The village consists principally of one long irregular street, and contains 98 small houses indifferently built. It is a constabulary police station; and fairs are held on the 12th of March and May, Aug. 26th, Sept. 19th, and Nov. 8th, chiefly for horses, cattle, pigs, and pedlery, and, from the central situation of the place, are in general well attended. A new line of road from this place to Cove has been recently opened through Foaty, and a very handsome bridge has been erected over the arm of the sea.

The living is a vicarage, in the diocese of Cloyne, united by act of council from a very early period to the particle of Kilcurfin, and in the alternate patronage of the Bishop and the representatives of the late John Anderson, Esq.; the rectory is impropriate in the representatives of George Lukey, of Midleton, Esq. The tithes amount to £1035. 4., of which £690. 2. 8. is payable to the impropriator, and £345. 1. 4. to the vicar. The church, a small but venerable structure, was repaired and much improved in 1835, by a grant of £144. 8. from the Ecclesiastical Commissioners. The glebe-house was built in 1825, by aid of a gift of £300 and a loan of £450 from the late Board of First Fruits. The glebe comprises 15 acres, of which 5 are a rock of limestone. In the R. C. divisions this parish is the head of a union or district, comprising the parishes of Carrigtohill and Mogeeshy; the chapel is situated on the site of an old abbey near the churchyard, and near it is a parochial house for the priest. There is a school at Foaty for boys and girls, founded by the late J. Smith Barry, Esq.; the boys are under the superintendence of the Protestant curate, and the girls under the direction of Mrs. Smith Barry; adjoining the school-rooms are houses for the master and mistress, and there are also two pay schools. Nearly adjoining the village are the ruins of a Franciscan abbey, founded and endowed by the Barry family: one of its towers still serves as a steeple for the present parish church, which and the R. C. chapel have been erected on its site; there are also several detached portions of the buildings remaining, but they are rapidly falling to decay. In the northern part of the parish are the ruins of the ancient parish church of Kilcurfin; and near the old entrance to Foaty are the remains of Castle Cloydubh, now called Barry's Court, from which the Barry-more family takes the title of Baron; it derives its name from Philip de Barry, whose uncle Fitz-Stephen granted him three cantreds here, where he built the castle in the beginning of the 13th century. During the insurrection of the great Earl of Desmond, in 1580, Capt., afterwards Sir Walter, Raleigh received a commission to seize this castle; but Lord Barry, the proprietor, having received intelligence of his design, previously set fire to it; it was an extensive and very strong pile, and one of the earliest erected in this part of the kingdom. In various parts of the parish are caverns which penetrate for a considerable distance into the limestone rocks, and in some of them are very large and beautiful stalactites.

CARRIGUE, or CARRIG, an island, in the parish of AGHAVALLIN, barony of IRAGHTICONNOR, county of KERRY, and province of MUNSTER, 1 1/2 mile (N. W.) from Ballylongford: the population is included in the return for the parish. This small island is situated in the river Shannon, nearly opposite to the island of Inniscattery, but on the Kerry side, and is about a mile and a half in circumference, containing 120 statute acres, of which 100 are arable; it belongs to Trinity College, Dublin, and is farmed by the Rev. S. B. Lennard, of Adare, and in a high state of cultivation. It is pleasantly situated for bathing, and abounds with a variety of water-fowl. There are a battery and bombproof barrack for 20 men; and it is a station of the coast- guard. The north shore is the only place where ships of heavy burden can ride in safety; the south, west, and east being very shallow at low water: and about a mile from the northern part of the island is a shoal, which has only a boat passage at ebb tide. Here is an extensive ruin, which was formerly a monastery, subject to the O'Connors, from whom the barony is named, and who owned the castle of Carrigafoyle, known as " the impregnable castle," from its long resistance to the attacks of Cromwell; it was one of the last taken by him, and the 12 people found in it were hanged. Off the island is an excellent oyster bed, also a good plaice and mullet fishery.

CARRIGVISTAIL, a village, in the parish of TEMPLETENNY, barony of IFFA and OFFA WESt, county of TIPPERARY, and province of MUNSTER; containing 58 inhabitants.

CARRIKIPPANE -- See CURRICUPPANE.

CARRUNE, CARRON, or CARNE, a parish, in the barony of BURREN, county of CLARE, and province of MUNSTER, 6 miles (N. N. W.) from Curofin; containing 1045 inhabitants. It is situated on the road from Ennis and Curofin to Burren and New Quay, and is chiefly rocky pasture well adapted for sheep, of which the farmers' stock principally consists; a very small proportion is under tillage, which is slowly improving. Limestone abounds, and some copper mines were formerly worked, but are now discontinued. Columbkill Cottage, the neat residence of Terence O'Brien, Esq., and Tarmon parsonage, recently erected for the R. C. clergyman, are the only seats of importance. The living is a rectory and vicarage, in the diocese of Kilfenora; the rectory constitutes part of the sinecure union of Killielagh, in the patronage of the Marquess of Thomond; and the vicarage is part of the union of Noughaval, and the corps of the precentorship of the cathedral church of St. Fachnan, Kilfenora, in the patronage of the Bishop. The tithes amount to £70 per annum, of which one-half is payable to the rector, and the other to the Ecclesiastical Commissioners, in whom the benefice is sequestrated. There is neither church, glebe-house, nor glebe. In the R. C. divisions the parish forms the head of a union or district, comprising the parishes of Carrune, Noughaval, and Kilcorney; there are two chapels, one at Crughville, in this parish, and one in the village of Noughaval. There are two pay schools, in which are about 90 boys and 60 girls. The parochial church is in ruins, and there are the remains of two other old churches at Crunane and Glanculmkil; the burial-ground of each is still used. St. Columb is said to have founded an abbey at Glanculmkil, which subsequently became the parish church; the bed of the saint, formed of stones, is still preserved as a relic. Some brass coins have been dug up here. Near St. Columb's bed is one of the finest springs in the country, but the water possesses no medicinal properties.

CARYSFORt, MOYCREDDIN, or MOYCREDYNE, a borough, in the parish of RATHDRUM, barony of BALLINACOR, county of WICKLOW, and province of LEINSTER, 5 miles (S. W.) from Rathdrum: the population is returned with the parish. This place, which is situated on the road from Rathdrum to Carnew, was formerly appropriated to the priory of All Saints, Dublin; and in the reign of Hen. VIII. was granted to the mayor, bailiffs, and commons of that city. During the lieutenancy of Lord Falkland, between the years 1625 and 1629, a castle was erected here in order to check the turbulent septs of O'Toole and O'Byrne: but in 1641, the garrison being withdrawn to Dublin on a case of emergency, and the castle being left in the custody of a few unarmed English, it was surprised and taken by the O'Byrnes, who had intercepted a supply of arms and ammunition sent for its defence. By a charter of Charles I., in. 1628, this place was erected into a small military depot, and constituted a borough, under the control of a sovereign and twelve free burgesses. The corporation was endowed with lands not only for their own support, but also for maintaining the garrison of the castle; and the sovereign was made a justice of the peace, and for a year after the expiration of his office presided in a court for the recovery of debts not exceeding £20. The same charter also conferred upon the sovereign and free burgesses the privilege of returning two representatives to the Irish parliament, which they continued to exercise till the Union, when the borough was disfranchised, and the £15,000 granted as compensation was awarded to John, Earl of Carysfort. This town has dwindled into a small village, consisting only of a few houses of the humblest class, situated in a mountainous district. The corporation appear to have scarcely exercised any of their rights, except that of returning members to parliament, and at present it seems totally extinct as a borough. Fairs are held on Whit-Monday, Nov. 12th, and Dec. 26th. Here is a chapel, which was formerly endowed by the charter of Chas. I. with 130 acres of land, for the maintenance of a chaplain, whose appointment was vested in the sovereign and burgesses, or, on their failing to appoint, the income from the endowment was to be paid to any minister officiating in the town. From the extinction of the corporation, the endowment is lost, but the service of the chapel is performed by the rector of Rathdrum, or his curate. There is a R. C. chapel, which is the parochial chapel of Rathdrum. The Royal chartered school was founded by Chas. I., who granted to the sovereign and burgesses 200 acres of arable land and 97 acres of mountain and bog, for the sole use of such schoolmaster as the deputy or other chief governor of Ireland should appoint to reside and teach in the borough. This endowment had been for many years comparatively unavailing; a school was kept in a miserable cabin, and under an inefficient teacher; but a large and commodious school-house, with comfortable apartments for the master and his family, was recently built by the Board of Education, and there are now more than 100 children in the school. The income arising from the endowment, about £160 per annum, is received by the Board, who pay the master's salary, provide all school requisites, and keep the buildings in repair. Carysfort gives the titles of Earl and Baron to the family of Proby. --See RATHDRUM.

CASHCARRIGAN, a village, in the parish of KILTUBRID, barony and county of LEITRIM, and province of Connaught, 6 3/4 miles (N. E.) from Carrick-on-Shannon, on the road to Ballinamore; containing 18 houses and 94 inhabitants. It is a constabulary police station, and has a penny post to Carrick-on-Shannon, and a dispensary. Fairs are held on Feb. 1st, March 17th, May 1st and 28th, June 29th, Aug. 1st, Sept. 21st, Oct. 8th, Nov. 1st, and Dec. 21st.--See KILTUBRID.

CASHEL, a parish, in the barony of RATHCLINE, county of LONGFORD, and province of LEINSTER, 4 1/2 miles (S.) from Lanesborough; containing 5087 inhabitants. This parish is situated on the river Shannon, and on the road from Lanesborough to Ballymahon, and contains 10,420 statute acres, as applotted under the tithe act: the land is principally under tillage, but there is some marsh land and several thousand acres of bog in the northern and eastern parts of the parish. The substratum is limestone, of which there are some good quarries. The seats are Newpark, the residence of Capt. W. J. Davys, and a small seat belonging to Sir G. R. Fetherston, Bart., of Ardagh. The living is a vicarage, in the diocese of Ardagh, and in the patronage of the Archbishop of Tuam, as diocesan: the rectory is impropriate in Messrs. Armstrong, lessees of Lord Fauconberg: the tithes amount to £664. 13. 11., of which £443. 3. 2. is payable to the impropriators, and £221. 10. 9. to the incumbent. The church is a plain structure, with a square tower, built in 1816 by aid of a gift of £800 from the late Board of First Fruits. The glebe-house was erected in 1817, by aid of a gift of £400 and a loan of £400 from the same Board: the glebe consists of 35 acres. The R. C. parish is co-extensive with that of the Established Church; the chapel, at Newtown, is a handsome cruciform building, ornamented with minarets, and of recent erection; near it is a national school; and there are seven private schools in the parish, in which 220 boys and 154 girls receive instruction. Near the church are the ruins of an abbey, said to have been a dependency of the Augustinian abbey on Quaker island: they are covered with ivy, and a low arched doorway and lancet-shaped window still remain. At Cashel nearly the whole extent of Lough Ree is visible: this lake, of which the name signifies "the king of lakes," extends from Lanesborough to Athlone, and is nearly 20 miles in length, and in some parts 9 in breadth. A regatta generally takes place in August, which is attended by many pleasure-boats from Limerick. Its shores are studded with handsome residences, and it contains many picturesque islands, the largest of which are Hare Island (still thickly covered with its original woods, and on which Lord Castlemaine has a fishing-lodge), Inchmore, Inchturk, Inchboffin, All Saints' Island, Inisclothrann, or Quaker island, and Inchyana. Killenure, or the inner lake, is a picturesque portion of Lough Ree, branching eastward into the county of Westmeath, and containing Temple and Friars' islands, the former of which is the property of R. H. Temple, Esq., who has a neat lodge on it; the latter of G. Jones, Esq., who has also erected a lodge. In Inisclothrann, which is also called Seven Church island, and Quaker island, are the remains of seven churches. An abbey was founded here in 540, by St. Diarmuit Naoimh, or "the Just," which was pillaged by the men of Munster, in 1010, 1016, 1050, and 1087; in 1155 it was burnt, and in 1193 plundered by Gilbert de Nangle. The abbey of Inisboffin, founded about 530, by St. Rioch, nephew of St. Patrick; and the abbey founded on the island of All Saints, by St. Kieran, in 544, were also ravaged by the men of Munster on the same occasions; and in 1089 all three were plundered and destroyed by Muircheartach O'Brien, aided by a large fleet of Danes. It is said that a descendant of Sir Henry Dillon, of Drumrany, who came into Ireland with John, Earl of Morton, erected an abbey on the island of All Saints, probably on the site of the ancient abbey of St. Kieran, which was granted at the suppression to Sir Patrick Barnwall. Augustin Mac Graidin, who was a canon and died here in 1405, wrote the lives of the Irish Saints, and continued the annals of this abbey to his own time; the work is still preserved in the Bodleian Library at Oxford.

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CASHEL, a city (being the seat of an archbishoprick and diocese), borough, market, and post-town, in the barony of MIDDLETHIRD, county of TIPPERARY, and province of MUNSTER, 12 miles (N. N. W.) from Clonmel, and 75 (S. W.) from Dublin; containing, within the corporate lands, 12,582 inhabitants, of which number, 6971 are in the city. This place was the residence of the kings of Munster; and a synod was held in it by St. Patrick, St. Ailbe, and St. Declan, in the reign of Aengus, who, after his conversion to the Christian faith by St. Patrick, is said to have founded a church here. It is uncertain at what period Cashel first became the head of a bishoprick; indeed, its early history is involved in much obscurity, and has been a fertile source of hypothetical inquiry. Some writers assert that Cormac Mac-Culinan, King and Bishop of Cashel, who was killed in his retreat from battle in 908, either founded or restored the cathedral, by building on the rock of Cashel an edifice now called Cormac's chapel, one of the most interesting architectural remains in the kingdom; but its erection is, with greater probability, ascribed by others to Cormac Mac Carthy, the pious King of Desmond. In 990, this place was fortified by Brian Boru, who rebuilt thirteen royal houses and palaces in Munster, one of which is still pointed out at the corner of Old Chapel-lane, in this town. Until the year 1101, the buildings on the rock of Cashel were merely such as composed the Dun, or royal residence, or the Carsoil, or habitation on the rock of the kings of Munster; the cathedral probably occupied some other site. In that year, according to the Annals of Innisfallen, Murtogh O'Brien convened a great Assembly of the clergy and people of Cashel, in which he assigned over to the bishops that "hitherto royal seat" of the kings of Munster, and dedicated it to God, St. Patrick, and St. Ailbe. The same annals record that, in 1127, Cormac Mac Carthy, King of Desmond, erected a church here (the chapel above noticed), called from him Teampul Chormaic, which in 1134 was consecrated by the archbishop and bishops of Munster, in the presence of the nobility and clergy. A new church was built in 1169, on the site of the present cathedral, by Donald O'Brien, King of Limerick, who endowed it with lands, and converted the church founded by Cormac into a chapel or chapter-house on the south side of the choir of the new edifice.

Hen. II., on landing at Waterford in 1172, marched to Cashel, where he received the homage of the above-named Donald O'Brien; and in November of that year he summoned a general synod of the Irish clergy, which was also attended by those Irish lords who submitted to his sway, and at which Christian, Bishop of Lismore, the pope's legate, presided. This assembly acknowledged the sovereignty of Henry; and of the ordinances enacted by it, one exempted the persons of the clergy from the jurisdiction of civil courts in criminal cases, and their lands from all secular taxes; and another enjoined a perfect conformity of the church of Ireland with that "of England. Henry, during his stay here, bestowed on the archbishop and chapter the city of Cashel, with a large tract of the adjoining country. After his departure, Richard Strongbow led an army to this place against the native princes of the west, and encamped here, awaiting the arrival of reinforcements from Dublin, which being defeated at Thurles, he was compelled to retreat precipitately to Waterford. In 1179 the town was burnt; after its restoration, Donat or Donchad O'Lonargan, who succeeded to the see in 1216, erected it into a borough. Hen. III., in 1228, remitted to Archbishop Marian and his successors the new town of Cashel, to be held of him and his heirs in free, pure, and perpetual alms, discharged from all exactions and secular services. Sir David le Latimer, seneschal to Archbishop Marian, founded an hospital for sick and infirm poor, in honour of St. Nicholas, which was afterwards given to a society of Cistertians introduced by Archbishop David Mac Carvill. In 1243 a Dominican friary was founded by Archbishop David Mac Kelly, which being destroyed by an accidental fire, was rebuilt by Archbishop Cantwell, who was constituted both patron and founder by an instrument dated at Limerick about the year 1480; and in 1250 Archbishop Hacket founded the Franciscan friary. Hore Abbey, called also " St. Mary's Abbey of the Rock of Cashel," was originally founded for Benedictines; but Archbishop Mac Carvill, having dreamt that the monks had made an attempt to cut off his head, forcibly dispossessed them of their house and lands, and gave the whole of their possessions to a body of Cistertian monks, whom he brought from the Abbey of Mellifont, in the county of Louth.

In 1316, on Palm-Sunday, Edward Bruce came hither with his army from Limerick, and proceeded to Nenagh; and in 1372 a parliament was held at this place. In 1495, during the baronial feuds, Gerald, Earl of Kildare, influenced by hostile feelings towards David Creaghe, then archbishop, set fire to the cathedral, and in the presence of the king subsequently defended this outrage, in answer to the accusations of his persecutors, on the ground that he would not have destroyed the building had he not thought that the archbishop was in it at the time. On the termination of the insurrection headed by the Earl of Tyrone, this place, with others, surrendered at discretion, in 1603, to the lord-deputy Mountjoy. Lord Inchiquin advanced against it from the siege of Cahir, in 1647: the inhabitants took refuge in their church on the rock, which was well fortified and garrisoned. Inchiquin proposed to leave them unmolested, on condition of their contributing £3000 and a month's pay for his army: this offer being rejected, he took the place by storm, with great slaughter both of the soldiery and citizens, among whom 20 of the R. C. clergy were involved; and after having secured the immense booty of which he obtained possession, dispersed his forces into garrison. In 1690 the adherents of King William who had been wounded in the attack on Limerick were hospitably received by the inhabitants of Cashel, whose humane attention induced the king, on the bridge of Golden, about four miles distant, to renew their charter by letter, which is still in the possession of the corporation.

The town is situated on the mail coach road from Dublin to Cork, about two miles from the river Suir, in a fine open country; it consists of one principal street, from which several others diverge irregularly, and contains 1059 houses. The inhabitants are very inadequately supplied with water, partly by pumps, which in summer afford only a scanty supply of hard water unfit for many culinary and domestic purposes, and partly with soft water conveyed by pipes from a distance of two miles. A small stream from the same source was brought into the town some years since, through the exertions of Archdeacon Cotton, at an expense of above £200, which was defrayed by subscription and an annual grant of £50 from the grand jury of the county, under the authority of an act of parliament called Lee's Act; but in a very short time it proved useless. Subsequently, W. B. Upton, Esq., an inhabitant, suggested a plan for bringing such a supply from a distance of 17 miles as would admit of the passage of boats also, by which turf from the bog of Allen, about 4 1/2 miles distant, and coal from the. Killenaule collieries, about 14 miles distant, might be conveyed to the town: the estimated cost was £9000, to advance which sum an application was made to Government, but the plan failed in obtaining the sanction of Government, and no steps have been since taken towards accomplishing so desirable an object. The archbishop's palace was formerly situated at Cammas, about two miles distant: the present, which stands within the city and was erected about the middle of the last century, is a large and well-built mansion, with extensive gardens attached, from which the ruins of the cathedral on the rock appear strikingly grand and conspicuous. Attached to the palace is a building in which is deposited a library of nearly 9000 volume's, chiefly bequeathed by Archbishop Bolton in 1741, for the use of the clergy of the diocese, and preserved by the archbishop, but there is no special fund for its support; some of the clergy have of late contributed to its augmentation by subscriptions for the purchase of a few valuable modern works. The infantry barracks are a handsome range of building, occupying three sides of a quadrangle, and are adapted to the accommodation of one field officer, six other officers, and 146 non-commissioned officers and privates, with stabling for three horses and an hospital for 21 patients. The markets are on Wednesday and Saturday: the market-house, situated in the centre of the Main-street, is not now open for the use of the public, except for the purpose of weighing butter and other articles. Fairs are held on March 26th and Aug. 7th; and in 1826 a grant of a fair on the third Tuesday in every month was made to Richard Pennefather, Esq., with a court of pie-poudre. This is the residence of the chief magistrate of police (Capt. Nangle), and a chief constabulary police station for the district.

The town, as previously noticed, was erected into a borough about 1216, by Archbishop Donat, who gave burgage tenements to the burgesses, and is said to have also conferred on them the same privileges as were enjoyed by the burgesses of Bristol, reserving to the see a yearly rent of 12d. out of each burgage. Archbishop Marian, in 1230, granted the town to the provost and twelve burgesses, except only the shambles, then situated behind the present shambles, and the great bakehouse in John-Street, subsequently called Cunningham's Hall: he also granted them free pasture in all his lands (except meadows, corn, and manors), and empowered them to hold a hundred court and a court baron for hearing and determining pleas, reserving out of these grants only small chief-rents. Rich. II., in 1378, confirmed all the privileges of the corporation; and other charters, chiefly confirmatory, were granted by Archbishop Roland in 1557, and by Queen Elizabeth, in reward of their dutiful conduct, in 1584. Chas. I., in 1637, granted a new charter, ordaining that the town or borough should be called the "City of Cashel;" and two years after, another, which is now the governing charter. Jas. II. seized the franchises into his own hands, pursuant to a decree of the exchequer, and subsequently granted a charter which is now considered void: their ancient rights and privileges were restored to the corporation by King William, as before stated. In the "New Rules" of the 25th of Chas. II., for regulating corporations in Ireland, it was ordained that the appointment of the mayor, recorder, and town-clerk should be subject to the approbation of the lord-lieutenant and privy council. The corporation, under the style of the " Mayor, Aldermen, Bailiffs, Citizens, and Commons of the City of Cashel," consists of a mayor, aldermen (limited by the charter to 17 in number), two bailiffs, and an unlimited number of commons, aided by a recorder, town-clerk, two serjeants-at-mace, a sword-bearer, and a crier; a treasurer is also appointed. The mayor is elected annually on June 29th, by the court of common hall, and is one of three persons nominated by the aldermen from among themselves, but the choice may be extended to the citizens and commons, at the discretion of the aldermen; he is sworn into office on Sept. 29th, and, with the concurrence of three aldermen, has power to appoint a deputy during illness or absence. The aldermen, on vacancies occurring, are chosen from among the freemen by the remaining aldermen, and hold office for life. The recorder, according to practice, is elected by the mayor and aldermen, but the charter gives the power to the entire body; he holds his office during good behaviour, and may appoint a deputy. The bailiffs, by the charter, are eligible from among the citizens, one by the mayor and aldermen and one by the corporation at large; according to practice they are elected annually on June 29th in the common hall from among the freemen, on the recommendation of the aldermen. The town-clerk is elected annually with the mayor and bailiffs; the sword-bearer is eligible by the whole body, and holds his office during good behaviour; and the serjeant-at-mace and the crier are appointed by the mayor. The freedom is obtained only by gift of the mayor and aldermen, who are the ruling body of the corporation, and have the entire management of its affairs. The city returned two members to the Irish parliament until the Union, since which it has sent one to the Imperial parliament. The right of election was vested solely in the corporation, but by the act of the 2nd of Wm. IV., cap. 88, has been extended to the £10 householders of an enlarged district, comprising an area of 3974 acres, which has been constituted the new electoral borough, and the limits of which are minutely described in the Appendix: the number of electors registered at the close of 1835 was 277, of whom 8 were freemen; the mayor is the returning officer.

The mayor, deputy mayor, and recorder are justices of the peace for the city of Cashel and the county of Tipperary; and they are judges of the Tholsel court, the attachments and other process of which are executed by the bailiffs. This court, which by the charter is to be held weekly, and of which Thursday is the court day, has jurisdiction (not exclusive) in causes not exceeding the amount of £20 late currency; arising within the ancient bounds of the city and its liberties; and suits may be commenced in it either by action or attachment, on affidavit made before the mayor or his deputy of the amount and cause of action. Very few causes are now tried in this court, attributable to the expense of the proceedings, and to the facility for recovering debts afforded by the assistant barrister's court. In addition to this jurisdiction, the charter gives it a further jurisdiction to the extent of 40s. in causes arising without the city and liberties; but this power is in some degree limited by the 36th of Geo. III., cap. 39, which requires that the cause of action shall have arisen, or that the defendant be resident, within the city and liberties. The charter granted a court baron to be held before the mayor every three weeks; and a court leet with view of frankpledge, to be held within a month after Easter and Michaelmas, before the mayor and recorder, or before one of them and the deputy of the other. Quarter sessions for the county are held here in January and July, and generally continue ten days; petty sessions for the division are held every Wednesday by the county magistrates; and similar sessions are held for the city, at which both the county and city magistrates preside. The county court-house and prison, erected in 1818, on the south side of the city fronting the green, form a neat and substantial pile of building of stone: the former is sufficiently adapted to the transaction of business; and the latter, to which the city magistrates also commit prisoners, contains eight cells, three day-rooms, and two airing-yards. The corporation estates comprise 2024 Irish acres, let on lease for 99 years to various tenants, and producing an income of about £220 per annum.

Arms of the Bishoprick

The first bishop of Cashel of whom any authentic notice occurs is Cormac Mac-Culinan, King of Munster, who, as was not uncommon at that period, exercised also spiritual jurisdiction over his subjects. He was descended from Aengus, and succeeded to the throne of Munster and to the see of Cashel, in 901, but was killed on his retreat from battle in 908, and interred in the abbey of Castledermot, where he was educated. From this period till 1152 only four of his successors are noticed, who, with the exception of one, are all styled archbishops of Cashel. Donat O'Lonargan, who then succeeded to the bishoprick, received from Cardinal Paparo, the legate of Pope Eugene III., one of the four palls which had been sent by him to Ireland, and of which the other three were conferred on Gelasius of Armagh, Gregory of Dublin, and Edan of Tuam. During the prelacy of Donald O'Hullucan, who succeeded in 1158, a synod was held here by command of Hen. II., at which all the archbishops and bishops of Ireland, except the archbishop of Armagh, assisted, and at which Christian O'Conarchy, the pope's legate, and the bishop of Lismore presided. At this synod Henry received from the archbishops and bishops charters, with their seals appended, by which they confirmed the kingdom of Ireland to him and his heirs, and constituted them kings and lords of Ireland for ever; transcripts of these charters were sent by the king to Pope Alexander, who by his apostolical authority gave his confirmation to them. Pope Innocent III., in 1210, confirmed to Donat O'Lonargan II., who had been promoted to the see in 1206, all the revenues and possessions of the archbishoprick, and subjected to his metropolitan jurisdiction the cathedrals of the suffragan bishopricks of Limerick, Killaloe, Fennabore, Waterford, Ardmore. Lismore, Cloyne, Cork, Ross, Ardfert, and Emly. Donald O'Brien, King of Limerick, about the time of the English invasion, built a new cathedral church, and converted the structure previously existing into a chapel or chapter-house; he also made large grants of land to the see, which was further endowed by his son Donat, surnamed Carbrac, with other grants of land in Thomond, and with the islands of Sulleith and Kismacayl, all which grants were confirmed by King John in 1215. The see of Emly was united with the archbishoprick of Cashel by act of parliament in 1568, during the prelacy of James Mac-Caghwell, who succeeded to the dignity in 1567, and was the first archbishop of the united sees of Cashel and Emly. Miler Magragh, who was elevated to the united sees in 1570, was in high favour with Queen Elizabeth, from whom he held in commendam the sees of Lismore and Waterford, on his resignation of which he obtained a commendam of the two bishopricks of Killala and Achonry, in Con-naught, which he held with the see of Cashel till his death. The grant of these sees appears to have been made to him and his heirs for ever, in the way of union to the see of Cashel. After the death of Archbishop Thomas Price, in 1684, the see remained vacant for a long period, during which the revenues were received by collectors appointed by the Crown, and distributed by Jas. II., among the Roman Catholic bishops, no successor being appointed till 1690, when Narcissus Marsh became archbishop. By the Church Temporalities act (3rd of Wm. IV.) it was specially provided that the see of Waterford and Lismore, then vacant by the death of Dr. Bourke, should be annexed to Cashel, which accordingly took place on the passing of that act, when the Temporalities of both dioceses, with the episcopal palace, became vested in the Ecclesiastical Commissioners.

The archbishoprick, or ecclesiastical province, of Cashel comprehends the eleven dioceses of Cashel, Emly, Limerick, Ardfert and Aghadoe, Waterford, Lismore, Cork, Ross, Cloyne, Killaloe, and Kilfenora. It contains a superficies of 3,439,750 acres, and comprises within its limits the whole of the civil province of Munster, parts of the county of Kilkenny, and King's county, in the province of Leinster, and part of the county of Galway, in the province of Connaught. The archbishop is primate and metropolitan of Munster; he presides over the whole province, and exercises all episcopal jurisdiction within the united dioceses of Cashel, Emly, Waterford, and Lismore, and, in consequence of the union of the see of Limerick with the consolidated sees of Ardfert and Aghadoe, also of the sees of Cork, Ross, and Cloyne, and of those of Killaloe and Kilfenora, which are united to the sees of Clonfert and Kilmacduagh; three bishops only preside over the dioceses of the province, and are suffragan to the archbishop of Cashel. Under the provisions of the Church Temporalities act all archiepiscopal jurisdiction will cease on the next avoidance of the archbishoprick; Cashel, with the united dioceses of Emly, Waterford, and Lismore, will be made a bishoprick, and with the other sees of the province become suffragan to the archbishop of Dublin.

The diocese of Cashel comprehends the greater part of the county of Tipperary and small portions of the counties of Kilkenny and Limerick; it is 35 British miles in length and 29 in breadth, comprehending an estimated superficies of 278,000 acres, of which 600 are in Kilkenny, 850 in Limerick, and the remainder in the county of Tipperary. There are belonging to the archiepiscopal see, or united dioceses of Cashel and Emly, 20,046 1/2 statute acres; and the gross amount of its yearly revenue, including the prebends of Glankyne and Isertlaurence, on an average of three years, ending December, 1831, was by the Ecclesiastical Commissioners returned at £7354. 2. The chapter consists of a dean, precentor, chancellor, treasurer, and archdeacon, and the five prebendaries of Glankeen, Killaldriffe or Killaldry, Fennor, Newchapel, and Kilbragh; the prebend of Glankeen belongs to the archbishop in right of his see. The vicars choral are a separate corporate body, anciently consisting of eight, but now of five only; they are endowed with various lands and tithes, the former comprising 644 statute acres, and both let on lease at £690. 10. 7 1/4. per annum. The economy estate of the cathedral consists of the rectorial tithes of the parish of St. Patrick's Rock, and the interest of £1000 in the new three and a half per cent. stock, together with a small sum in the old 3 1/2 per cents., amounting to £399. 9. per annum. The diocese comprises 49 benefices, of which 22 are unions, and 27 single parishes or portions of parishes; three are in the gift of the Crown, three in lay patronage, and the remainder in the patronage of the archbishop. The total number of parishes or districts is 103, of which 92 are rectories and vicarages, and the remainder perpetual or impropriate curacies, or parishes without provision for the cure of souls. There are 31 churches, and two other buildings in which divine service is performed; and 27 glebe-houses.

In the R. C. divisions the archbishop of Cashel is primate and metropolitan of Munster; his dioceses are Cashel and Emly, to which the six bishopricks of Cloyne and Ross, Cork, Kerry, Killaloe, Limerick, and Waterford and Lismore, are suffragan. The diocese of Kilfenora, which is united to Kilmacduagh, in the province of Connaught, is alternately suffragan to the archbishopricks of Cashel and Tuam. The united R. C. dioceses of Cashel and Emly comprise 47 parochial unions or districts, containing 88 chapels served by 46 parish priests and 63 coadjutors or curates. The parochial benefices of Thurles and Moykarky are held by the archbishop: the cathedral, situated in the town of Thurles, is a very fine structure. There are one Presbyterian and four other dissenting places of worship.

The city is comprised within the parishes of St. John the Baptist and St. Patrick's Rock; the former containing 5207, and the latter 9454, statute acres, as applotted under the tithe act. The living of St. John's is a rectory entire, united time immemorially to the entire rectory of Ballyclerihan and the rectory and vicarage of Coleman, together constituting the corps of the deanery of Cashel, in the diocese of Cashel, and in the patronage of the Crown. -The tithes of the parish amount to £341. 5. 10., and of the union to £483. 9. 4.; the glebe comprises 100 acres at Deans-grove, and there is also a glebe of 11 acres in Ballyclerihan, but no deanery or glebe-house. Besides several tenements, the lands belonging to the dean comprise 203 1/2 acres, let on lease at a rent of £58 and annual renewal fines of £40; the gross annual revenue of the deanery, including tithes and lands, as returned by the Commissioners, amounts to £625, The church, erected on the site of a former edifice and completed in the year 1783, is a handsome and spacious structure of stone, with a lofty spire of good proportions, and serves both for the cathedral and the parochial church: the result of a survey made by Archbishop Agar having proved the old cathedral church to be incapable of restoration, the two were consolidated by act of council in 1749, and a portion of the economy fund of the cathedral was appropriated to the erection of this church, and lately towards keeping it in repair; and the Ecclesiastical Commissioners have also recently made a grant of £138. 18. 6. for repairing it. The living of St. Patrick's Rock is a rectory and vicarage, the rectory appropriate to the economy fund of the cathedral church, and the vicarage to that of the vicars choral; the tithes amount to £701. 5. 9., of which £362. 5. 8. belongs to the former, and £339. 0. 1. to the latter. In the R. C. divisions the two parishes form the union or district called Cashel, which is the union or parish of the Dean. The chapel of St. John's, situated in Friar-street, is a spacious and elegant structure, now undergoing extensive alteration and repair, including the erection of a spire; it is faced with hewn stone, and, when completed, will be very ornamental to the city. Behind it is a convent of nuns of the order of the Presentation; and there is another chapel at Rosegreen, in the parish of St. Patrick's Rock. There is a place of worship for Wesleyan Methodists, a neat building situated in the Main-street, and erected by subscription on a site granted at a nominal rent by W. Pennefather, Esq., in which part of the old prison built by Edw. I. was incorporated; it was opened for divine service on the 2nd of July, 1833. At the entrance to the city from Dublin are the buildings of the charter school, founded in 1751, and towards the support of which Archbishop Price contributed £50 per annum during his lifetime, and at his death bequeathed £300; it was also endowed with £600 by Archbishop Palliser, and, in 1746, with a lease for 99 years of 27 acres of land by the corporation: for many years 83 boys were supported and educated in this establishment, but since the withdrawal of parliamentary aid from the society at Dublin, the school has been discontinued.. A parochial school is supported by annual grants of £21 from the archbishop and £10 late currency from the dean, in addition to which the dean and chapter provide a school-house and books. A national school was established by the late Rev. Dr. Wright, parish priest, which is aided by a grant of £25 per ann. from the Board of Education, and by collections at the Roman Catholic chapel: the school-house is a good slated building erected by Dr. Wright at an expense of £332. A national school is also conducted by the Presentation nuns, and is aided by an annual grant of £32 from the Board, and a donation of £60 per annum from the parish priest: there is also a Sunday school well attended. The total number of children on the books of the day schools, which are in the parish of St. John, is 584, of whom 206 are boys and 378 girls; and in the different private pay schools there are, in the same parish, 400 boys and 180 girls, and in that of St. Patrick's Rock, 65 boys and 55 girls. The county infirmary is a handsome and commodious building, situated on the green: it contains 40 beds, and is now being enlarged for the reception of a greater number of patients: in 1835, the number admitted into the house was 325, and of out-patients 4386; the total expenditure for that year amounted to £1043. 14. 9 1/2. A charitable loan society has been recently established for advancing sums of money on security to necessitous tradesmen, who repay it by weekly instalments in the proportion of one shilling in the guinea.

The principal gentlemen's seats in the immediate vicinity are Newpark, the residence of M. Pennefather, Esq., D. L.; Richmond, of R. Butler H. Lowe, Esq., D. L.; Longfield, of R. Long, Esq., D. L.; Rockview, of S. Cooper, Esq.; Dualla, of J. Scully, Esq.; Ballinamona, of W. Murphy, Esq.; Deer Park, of J. Hare, Esq.; and Race-Course Lodge, of Avary Jordan, Esq. The rock of Cashel is an extraordinary mass rising on every side with a precipitous and rugged elevation, and consisting of concentric strata of limestone; the remains of the ancient structures by which it is crowned have an imposing and highly romantic appearance. Among these, Cormac's chapel, standing in a line parallel with the south side of the choir of the cathedral, is one of the best-preserved buildings of that age in the kingdom; the walls and roof are of stone, the latter finely groined. The entrance doorway is a Norman arch richly moulded and ornamented with zig-zag and bead-work; above it is a device in bas relief of a centaur shooting at an animal with a bow and arrow; the groining of the roof springs from low pillars with capitals variously ornamented. At the eastern end is a large recess, separated from the western part by a circular arch highly enriched and ornamented with grotesque heads of men and animals: within this recess is another of smaller dimensions, probably intended for the altar. The walls of each portion of the building are relieved with blank arches, and the pilasters from which they spring have been richly ornamented with various devices. A window has been recently opened by the Rev. Archdeacon Cotton, which has rendered visible some very ancient painting in fresco in the recesses of the walls; fourteen stone figures, representing the twelve Apostles and others, have also been discovered. The exterior walls of the chapel are, on the south side, ornamented with blank arches supported by pillars with grotesque heads; and attached to the building is a square tower, strengthened with bands of masonry and similarly ornamented. The ancient cathedral, now in ruins, was a spacious cruciform structure, with a central tower supported on pointed arches, and generally in the early English style of architecture; it is in several parts embattled, and with other features of a military character presents a venerable and singularly picturesque appearance. But it is more striking as a grand and well broken mass, than remarkable either for the elegance or richness of its details. The only monument worthy of notice is that of Archbishop Magrath, who is represented in a recumbent posture; it bears the date 1621, and was erected by himself about one year before his death. On the south side of the cathedral is the vicars' hall; and at the eastern angle of the north transept is an ancient round tower, in a very perfect state of preservation, its stone roof being still entire; the several stages were lighted by windows, of which the ledges are still remaining; the original doorway has been walled up, and another opened leading into the cathedral. The Dominican friary, situated in Moor-lane, was, after its dissolution, granted in perpetuity by Henry VIII. to Walter Fleming, in capite, at the annual rent of 2s. 6d.: this was one of the noblest buildings of the order in Ireland, and considerable remains of its spacious cruciform church may yet be seen between the rock and the Main-street. At a short distance from the town are the remains of Hore abbey, which are noticed in the description of the parish of that name. At the back of Friar-street formerly were the remains of the Franciscan monastery, the site of which is partly occupied by the R. C. chapel; after its dissolution it was granted, in the 31st of Hen. VIII., to Edmund Butler, Archbishop of Cashel, to be held by him in capite at an annual rent of 2s. 10d. On the ascent to the cathedral is a stone, on which, according to tradition, the Kings of Munster were annually inaugurated. This place gives the titles of Viscount and Earl to the family of Moore, Earls of Mountcashel.

CASTLE-BLAKENEY, called also GALLAGH, or KILLASOLAN, a post-town and parish, partly in the barony of KILCONNELL, but chiefly in that of TYAQUIN, county of GALWAY, and province of Connaught, 25 miles (E. N. E.) from Galway, and 86 (W.) from Dublin; containing 4305 inhabitants. This parish is situated on the road from Ballinasloe to Tuam, and comprises about 3000 acres of arable and pasture land, and 1000 of waste land and bog. The principal seats are Castle Ffrench, that of Lord Ffrench; Caltra Lodge, of P. J. Joyce, Esq.; Caltra House, of J. Kelly, Esq., J. P.; Cruise Lawn, of W. Cruise, Esq.; Greenville, of P. Cruise, Esq.; and Tycooly, of C. J. O'Kelly, Esq., J.P. Here are two mills for grinding oatmeal, and limestone is abundant. There is a constabulary police station, and fairs are held in the town on Jan. 2nd, March 17th, Whit-Tuesday, July 26th, and Oct. 2nd; fairs are also held at Caltra, in this parish, which see. The living is a rectory, in the diocese of Elphin, and in the alternate patronage of the Crown and the Bishop: the tithes amount to £300. The church is a neat building, erected by a gift of £200, and a loan of £200, in 1812, from the late Board of First Fruits. There is a glebe-house with a glebe of 80 acres and two detached glebes of four acres. The R. C. parish is co-extensive with that of the Established Church, and is also called Caltra, from the chapel being situated there, which is about to be rebuilt. A school is aided by annual donations from the Archbishop of Tuam and Mr. and Mrs. Blakeney; and there are a school aided by Lord Clonbrock, and another by Lord Ffrench. About 200 boys and 160 girls are taught in these schools, and about 50 boys and 30 girls attend a hedge school.

 

CASTLEBRACK, a parish, in the barony of TINNEHINCH, QUEEN’S county, and province of LEINSTER, 6 miles (W. N. W.) from Portarlington; containing 1855 inhabitants. This parish, which is situated in the northeast angle of the county, where it joins King's county, and on the river Oweness, derives its name from the castle, now in ruins, which was built by the Dunne family and was formerly a strong place surrounded by a moat. Fairs are held on May 16th and Aug. 12th. It is a vicarage, in the diocese of Kildare, and is part of the union of Rosinallis or Oregan; the rectory is impropriate in Gen. Dunne. The tithes amount to £210.2.6., of which £140. 1. 8. is payable to the impropriator, and the remainder to the vicar. In the R. C. divisions it forms part of the union or district of Mountmellick; the chadel is on the townland of Clonaghedor, where there is a national school, in which are about 30 boys and 40 girls, and a hedge school, in which are about 30 boys and 20 girls.

CASTLEBRIDGE, a village, partly in the parish of TICKILLEN, partly in ARDCOLME, but chiefly in ARDCAVAN, barony of SHELMALIER, county of WEXFORD, and province of LEINSTER, 2 1/2 miles (N.) from Wexford; containing 416 inhabitants. This place, which derives its name from the ancient castle that formerly stood here, is situated on the north side of Wexford harbour, at the confluence of the Castlebridge river with the river Sow, and on the road from Wexford to Oulart, at the junction of the parishes of Ardcavan, Ardcolme, and the detached part of Tickillen. It consists of a few neat dwellings on both sides of the Castlebridge river, and is chiefly remarkable for its extensive trade in corn, for which its situation, commanding the whole extent of county to the south of Arklow, and its proximity to Wexford, are peculiarly favourable. Nearly the whole produce of that district is, in order to avoid the tolls at Wexford bridge, deposited in this village, where are very extensive stores, mills, and malt-houses belonging to Mr. Patrick Breen, from which a canal was cut by his predecessor, in 1810, opening a communication with the river Slaney. The stores are capable of containing about 40,000 barrels of corn, and about 65,000 barrels are exported annually. It is sent by boats of 15 or 20 tons' burden to Wexford harbour, where it is shipped, without any extra charge, on board the vessels that convey it to the various channel ports between Glasgow and London. About 3000 barrels of malt are also made here annually. Fairs have been long held on April 11th and Dec. 26th, and two others have been lately established and are held on June 10th and Sept. 25th. A constabulary police force is stationed here. The parish church of Ardcolme, built on the site of the ancient castle, is in that part of the village which is in the parish of Ardcavan, and the Ecclesiastical Commissioners have recently granted £310. 18. 6. for its repair. The R. C. chapel for the union or district of Castlebridge, which includes the parishes of Ardcavan, Ardcolme, St. Margaret, St. Nicholas, Skreen, and part of Killesk, is also in the village, where a residence is about to be built for the parish priest. A large school for children of both sexes is in course of erection by subscription; and a branch of the Skreen and Ardcolme dispensary has been established here.

CASTLEBUOY, or ST. JOHNSTOWN, an extra-parochial liberty, in the barony of ARDES, county of DOWN, and province of ULSTER, 3 miles (N. E.) from Portaferry; containing 744 inhabitants. This place is situated on Cloghy bay, and, according to the Ordnance survey, comprises 1358 1/4 statute acres. A commandery or preceptory of St. John the Baptist of Jerusalem, dependent on the priory of Kilmainham, was founded here by Hugh de Lacy, in 1189, which continued till the commencement of the fifteenth century; the building is now in ruins, and the family of Echlin possesses several townlands in freehold which have always enjoyed exemption from tithe and church cess, and also a manor which belonged to the commandery, the court of which is now held once in three weeks. The manor is called Cloghy, and the court has jurisdiction over the liberty of Castlebuoy, the parishes of Slanes and Ballytrustin, and part of Witter, and any sum not exceeding £5 is recoverable in it, either by attachment or civil bill process. The lofty tower of the castle and ruins of the church are situated in one of the most secluded and fertile vales in the Ardes. On a chain of rock in the channel, three miles east from the shore, is the South Rock or Kilwarlin light-house. There is a private school, in which are about 70 boys and 60 girls.

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